Four Business Types †Pros and Cons Free Essays

As I would like to think, Corporation is the best structure fit to wander as expected by Victoria Quentin on the grounds that it is discrete lawful element particular from its proprietors have all around characterized enlisted by laws. These associations are profoundly directed pull in capital even from outside source effortlessly existed unendingly. The fundamental issues concerning the Intellectual property rights in giving permitting Marvel’s licensed innovation to Universal studios are Copyright and Trademark assurances to the amusement parks which Disney proposed to create by utilizing Thor, The Hulk, Iron man and so on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Four Business Types †Pros and Cons or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Law identified with duplicate rights gives the creator or maker of work the selective rights for constrained time range so as to advance inventiveness permit command over utilization of aesthetic manifestations. Creators have been offered forces to deal with the characters (like The Hulk, Iron Man and so on) as made by them any one replicating it certainly draw in lawful arrangements (Chapter 17 of the United States Code). Anyway there is the privilege of open to profit by the creators work however that also exist on speculation that once copyrightable work enters open area, others ought to be permitted to profit by it and can make improve it for the greatness of all. Where Copyright law ensure unique compositions of a creator managed character improvement and individualization security trademark laws really take care trademarks business esteem intended to shield suffers against disarray as to source or approval of a thing. Along these lines trademark proprietor has offered command over utilization of the hint or imprint in relationship with those merchandise and enterprises for which imprint represents. The Securities Act of 1933 which initially presented because of monetary emergency of 1929 and for the most part center around two primary goals: First, to guarantee more straightforwardness in fiscal summaries in order to encourage speculators to take educated choices and second, to build up severe laws to control fake exercises/deception in protections markets. Though the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 determined to accommodate administration of protections exchanges in auxiliary market to control stock trades and middle people (merchant sellers) to ensure open speculations. The fundamental reason for Securities Act of 1933 was to expand the exposure of money related through the nitty gritty procedure of enlistment of protections. In the event that financial specialist endures misfortunes because of misdirecting data, they have recuperation rights on demonstrating that misfortunes emerges because of deficient or wrong data. Though by methods for Securities Act of 1933, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was made which has expansive forces authority over all parts of the protections advertise comprehensive of business firms, move specialists, and clearing offices and even nation’s protections self administrative associations (like New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market, Chicago Board of Options, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and so on). This demonstration likewise gives the Commission disciplinary controls over different controlled elements and people related with them incorporate arrangements for intermittent revealing of certain data by organizations whose offers are traded on an open market. An organization getting ready for an IPO must designate a lead director (book sprinter) who assists with deciding proper cost of offers to be given, which should be possible by both of the two techniques I. e. ither through lead supervisors or through examination of secret financial specialist request information, which is to be gathered by the book sprinter known as book building process. Initial public offering requires powerful arranging containing advancement of a great administration and expert group, noteworthy development of company’s business so have known open commercial center, accessible examined fiscal summaries following Internationally acknowledged bookkeeping standards, compliance’s of different act, great corporate administration rehearses and so on. Victoria Quentin gather pledges not add up to IPO however a private situation/subsidizing in which assets can be raised not straightforwardly from open yet through private financial specialists/dealer investors or private value firms on which least guidelines are material legal arrangements of an IPO are not relevant. Patent: Patent ensures a development which is novel, helpful, and non-self-evident. While creation alludes to any new article, new machine, or any procedure or mix thereof or any new utilize created by person yet that development must not frame some portion of open area nd not recently known in people in general before imagined. It must be new. Additionally that development must be non clear to individual talented in workmanship. Copyright: Copyrights for the most part ensure crafted by a writer like compositions, music, creative work or fine art which can be communicated in unmistakable structure. It by and large offers security to programming, web, course materials, distributions, electronically or non electronically, printed or non printed. Exchange Mark: Trademarks offers assurance to the words, names, imprints, images, or hues and so forth hich separate between the merchandise and enterprises and direct to the wellspring of those products or administrations. Trademarks can be recharged always to the degree they can be Trade Secret: A prized formula is a data which the associations by and large leave well enough alone or undisclosed to give them advantage on their adversaries/rivals. In the given occurrences, there is an encroachment case of patent which is structure as for chip cut for different packs of potato chips another is an encroachment of Copyright trademark when to utilize the words â€Å"Astroclaw†Ã¢â‚¬  like â€Å"Atomic Claw†. So as to present defense their powerful Victoria Quentin must demonstrate that, there is no encroachment of Intellectual Property rights. They can offer proof to demonstrate that the plans music has just been made by them as new without duplicating and their cases application recorded by Gunnar Alexander neglects to serve the trial of patentability. Investors characterized as people or counterfeit lawful individual who gave stock/shares in an organization so as to get advantage with the desire for acquiring of benefits by organization. It is a kind of interest in responsibility for and get rights to the degree of their venture. While partners are the people who affected by the arrangements, rule, guidelines working of an association. This is the expansive term includes whom an association straightforwardly or in a roundabout way connected with. It alluded to as someone who has stake or enthusiasm for activities of the organization everywhere or even little scope. This term regarding a partnership comprises of its staff, workers, clients, provider, merchants, vendors society in more extensive setting. This is the term produced out of need of appropriate corporate administration just as a major aspect of corporate social duty. Investor owes trustee obligations to minority investors just as to different partners involving society everywhere, implies they should act to their greatest advantage in order to amplify their benefits by following corporate administration standards. I bolster Mr. Garfield as he is the supporter of new thoughts of free enterprise has faith in rebuilding recovery instrument of private enterprise. He accepts that as opposed to running a falling flat or misfortune making business, investors ought to acknowledge gainful proposition in order to dodge obligatory wrapping up which affected different business. He seems, by all accounts, to be a moral individual when denied to take cash from a widow. Then again, Mr. Andrew is by all accounts thoughtful towards representatives, laborers however he not grown up as trough not made any move to supplant dispose of innovation inferable from above reasons I vote for Mr. Garfield as the association races to make benefits if an association not functions admirably, it must be rebuilt in a way in order to expand abundance of investors. Step by step instructions to refer to Four Business Types †Pros and Cons, Essay models

Choosing a Secondary Storage Essay Example for Free

Picking a Secondary Storage Essay Presentation These days, information is the soul for today’s advanced association. The respectability, accessibility and the assurance of the date are fundamental to a business profitability and achievement, in this manner stockpiling arrangements are as yet the need in IT spending plans. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd as of now is confronting a capacity issue. Their capacity framework performance’s bottlenecks seriously affecting their business efficiency. The drowsy essential stockpiling execution and support issue were easing back down the company’s reaction to client demand which influencing the general business efficiency. Plus, their reinforcement arrangement was getting hard to successfully secure date inside ever contracting back up window. Consequently GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd now expected to look for an optional stockpiling which can take care of the considerable number of issues. They require a capacity that can improve capacity reaction time, guarantee calamity recuperation, actualize an exceptionally arrangement and the most significant is to guarantee a superior access to client date and ensure more than 100TB of information without including substantial expense and complex administration. The time of information and data unmistakably shows that there is a rising interest for more stockpiling. There are a quantities of alternatives accessible in the market. The most predominant would be immediate connected stockpiling (DAS), arrange appended capacity (NAS) and capacity region organize (SAN). There is nobody is the best for everybody. It is imperative to concentrate on the particular needs and the business objectives of the association. Along these lines, there are a few components to consider which incorporate limit, execution, dependability, information assurance and spending concerns. We will investigate that in more detail later. Numerous individuals will contend that SAN are all the more remarkable that NAS, however for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd, I propose that the Network Attached Storage (NAS) would be the most appropriate stockpiling answer for take care of their stockpiling issues. The variables that influencing of pick an optional stockpiling will be talked about in the following area. NAS is an information stockpiling frameworks with a specific equipment and programming connected to a system. NAS items is a data information stockpiling server, they have joined to serve across the board servers for date based applications. A NAS is to give stockpiling and access to information. Picture 1.1 show the Network-connected capacity. 2.0 Factors influencing of picking an optional stockpiling A capacity arrangement can be characterized as an equipment whose primary capacity is to store and sharing information or data. There are numerous sorts of capacity with a wide range of capacities. The capacity for business as a rule is as servers. To pick a correct stockpiling for your business, there are a few factors that should consider while picking stockpiling which incorporate dependability, limit and adaptability, the spending concern. Limit The principal factor that need to thought about while picking stockpiling is the limit of the capacity. It is significant that we should clear that what is the size and extent of the information that you need to store and what limit is expected to store it? The firm ought to pick the capacity which reasonable for the association or business reason and capacities. The firm ought to likewise think about the kinds of information to store and the recurrence of access the information while picking a capacity. NAS frameworks can give numerous terabytes of capacity in high thickness. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is a counseling firm which offers types of assistance in account and business methodology to driving law offices and government offices. They have a great deal of date that need to store and offer with client which some of it may delicate. Along these lines it is recommended that they ought to pick a document level stockpiling. A NAS gadget is a solitary stockpiling unit most appropriate for document level stockpiling associated straightforwardly to arrange. NAS frequently designs particularly for record sharing. Execution Speed Diverse capacity will have distinctive return pace of velocities for information. On the off chance that the date store is month to month use, implies that you no need the quickest stockpiling; if the date store will be utilize often, is smarter to pick the quick execution stockpiling. Realizing this can assist you with sparing in cost. A business regularly will search for a superior document get to speed. GJ Consultation may require a quick exhibition stockpiling since they are giving advisor administrations to clients which the date put away may be use as often as possible and need to reaction to clients rapidly. Move speed over the system is the essential pointer of a NAS since it utilizes document level convention while transferring or downloading huge records. NAS can give execution benefits. For instance, NAS can assume control over crafted by serving the email information, liberating assets on the email server for email-explicit procedures. Versatility Versatility is significant regarding both figuring force and capacity limit. The exhibition and limit should scale freely of each other. Adaptability is significant on the grounds that the capacity of the capacity would should be extended in future so as to adapt to expanded use. NAS is an appropriate stockpiling which proposed for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd in light of the fact that it is anything but difficult to set up and simple to utilize, even a non IT based staff can deal with the NAS. Unwavering quality Unwavering quality of capacity likewise is one of the variables which is significant and should be concerned. Unwavering quality is significant in light of the fact that the loss of information and personal time can prompt misfortune in income and compromise the endurance of the business. In today’s world, a large portion of the individuals request an exceptionally unwavering quality, shared capacity gadget that is available to numerous system gadgets. NAS is the more up to date form of capacity after DAS (information joined capacity), it utilization of most noteworthy performing drives with premium parts that been able to outrageous premium condition. NAS is appropriate for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd since it produce the most dependable and best information stockpiling arrangement. NAS is same dependable with ordinary server. From the capacity practical framework, ideas are similarly. The two of them can go about as server. Indeed, even lower end NAS frameworks have the high unwavering quality highlights, for example, RAID and hot swappable drives and parts. Cost or spending concern Typically is the primary worry of an association to buy a specific items or administrations. Cost in here methods the hardware cost, however the executives and support cost too. The board and upkeep cost at here implying that the expense to keep up the capacity, the expense to enlist the IT advisor to give preparing on the approaches to utilize the capacity, etc. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is having a capacity issue and they need to purchase an appropriate stockpiling which can assist them with taking care of the difficult they are confronting as of now without including substantial expense for their business. Here, it is proposed to the firm that organize joined capacity (NAS) would be a reasonable stockpiling arrangement which is more affordable if contrast with others. The administration and upkeep cost is lower additionally on the grounds that NAS is anything but difficult to set up and simple to utilize. Security The organizations have a great deal of date and a portion of the information may be touchy which identify with lawful should be store and offer between clients, in this way information insurance can be one of the elements that should be thinking about moreover. NAS gives information security benefits in information assurance design and give excess stockpiling to delicate information. Each na apparatus incorporates client security to permit or limit record get to dependent on username and passwords. The executives The executives here methods the chairman who responsible for the capacity arrangement. He should know about the difficulties that may be emerge for the arrangement and consider what are the observing apparatuses are accessible to screen execution and caution for the potential disappointments. The capacity ought not be too mind boggling to even think about managing so as to spare the expense of the executives and upkeep. 3.0 Advantages of looking for a higher performing stockpiling An auxiliary stockpiling gadget for PCs are not just for accumulating up records, they additionally permit PCs clients to extend their capacity to move an a lot of information starting with one PC then onto the next. For GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd, as I notice prior, the recommended stockpiling that generally reasonable if the Network Attached Storage (NAS). There are a few focal points of looking for a higher performing stockpiling which recommended here. Mass Storage The limit of the optional stockpiling is high that permit us to store a lot of information. We can store the information into the optional stockpiling as gigabyte and terabytes. All things considered, we can back up the all information effectively and need not stress for losing information. Normally an association will have a lot of information that should be put away to help the business tasks. For this, the essential stockpiling would not have the option to do it. NAS give a proficient of sharing a huge individual documents among singular clients. NAS can store and deal with the information up to terabytes level. In addition, NAS permitted us to include more stockpiling without closing down the system. Dependability Security It is viewed as protected that putting away information into the auxiliary stockpiling. The information can be store in the optional stockpiling which is the NAS in lasting structure. In this manner the firm no requirements to stress of loss of information or absence of information much after numerous years after the fact. NAS give information insurance benefits with the goal that it is protected to store the delicate information. This is one of the focal points by picking NAS in light of the fact that GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is handle exceptionally delicate information. The information put away on live database server will be put away to NAS in a similar time with the goal that the information will exist regardless of whether the database server confronted physical disappointment. Execution The PC could have a superior exhibition with including an auxiliary stockpiling. This can assist clients with increasing the speed of putting away information, get to information or moving information which by implication increment the efficiency of the firm. With an auxiliary stockpiling, the PC of the association can

What to Expect From an Academic Editing Service

What to Expect From an Academic Editing ServiceIf you are an academic writing student, then you have undoubtedly used the services of an academic editing service. Whether you are using a book as a dissertation or working on a business proposal for publication, a professional book editing service can help you write and proofread your paper in order to get it into the best shape possible. To get your paper ready to submit, your academic editor can provide assistance with being able to prepare the manuscript for academic submission or editing.There are several common problems that academic readers might encounter. Some examples of these issues are typographical errors, faulty grammar, missing references, outdated information, incorrect dates, irrelevant citations, or plagiarism. It is important to be aware of all of these types of issues before submitting your work to an academic editor.Your academic editor will have the experience and expertise to be able to recognize and remove any pl agiarism in your writing. He or she will be able to spot and correct errors when they occur and also will have the ability to provide suggestions for more effective ways to represent material in the work you have submitted. Being able to rely on academic editing services means that you don't have to submit a thesis paper without being certain that your work is properly corrected.A good academic editor will also have the ability to see the different areas of your writing that need to be edited, and will be able to give recommendations for changes to those specific areas. If you are editing a book manuscript for publication, for example, your editor should be able to help you edit chapters that contain terminology that is difficult to understand. Or if your academic paper has been edited in another language, your editor should be able to translate your text for better comprehension in that language.Most university and college courses require the student to read and participate in rese arch papers. In these types of assignments, the student will be required to write their own research materials, prepare original research findings, and make use of citations and bibliographies in order to support their arguments. If your editor knows how to identify and correct common issues with your academic writing, then it is likely that you will be able to turn in a much more polished research paper.You should also be familiar with what kind of material is expected from your academic paper. For example, is your editor responsible for reviewing and editing chapters, appendices, or the book manuscript? This will determine what editing services, you will be expected to use.Professional editors will be able to provide suggestions for specific area of the document that should be better organized. If you are sending the work for an edited version, your editor will be able to tell you if you are not using relevant keywords to define your argument. It is important to be able to see tha t this has been done correctly before it is published in the form of a paper.Academic editing services can also help you fix technical errors that might be making your manuscript difficult to read. For example, if your academic writing service editor can identify spelling mistakes, they can suggest appropriate alternatives for the words that need to be fixed. They will also be able to point out instances where the essay is missing important supporting evidence, such as using supplemental sources to back up a claim or case study.

The Learning Theory Of Action - 1472 Words

The Learning Theory in Action The learning theory is a theory describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. There are many different views of the learning theory and many different groups of people who have studied and still study the learning theory. Among these groups are behaviorists, cognitive theorists, transformative learning theorists, and those who advocate for constructivism. In my paper I will talk mostly about the behaviorist’s views on learning and how they believe that learning is an aspect of conditioning. behaviorists, like other observers of the learning theory, use classical and operant conditioning to distinguish the different types of learning that are being done and to show how the brain responds differently after being conditioned by a stimulus. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus that used to have no effect on an individual is now conditioned to have a response because it is associated with a nother stimulus that already gets a response from the individual. Operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, is a form of learning that is conditioned to respond in either a positive or negative way depending on the consequences that are produced by either positive or negative reinforcement. The learning theory is used in almost all aspects of the education system and in my paper I will talk about learning with autism and particularly the effects that ABA treatment have had on people who liveShow MoreRelatedThe Social Learning Theory On The Youth And Their Adulthood Actions2358 Words   |  10 PagesPurpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the social learning theory using examples from a particular movie assigned by my professor, choosing a theory of choice. 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Schmidt (1982, p.482) says â€Å"In 1975, largely due to my dissatisfaction with Adams’ position, I formulated a theory that can be considered a rival to Adams’.† Schmidt had concerns about Adams’ theory, that it didn’t place enough emphasis on open loop control processes. According to Schmidt (1982) a major limitation of this theory is that it focuses on slow,Read MoreDifferent Perspectives About Adult Learning1290 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation that goes along with it. There are many different perspectives about a dult learning, and it is relative and separate the early childhood development practices from the overall approach to adult learning. The belief of many authors have their own learning styles and apply to adult and early childhood. They present their own learning style by presenting it to themselves which is based in their own learning environment. 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The World Canal West Canal North And The London Avenue Canal

This essentially points to the complete breach of the floodwall that would follow the formation of the crack (or water-filled gap), as had happened at a certain point along the 17th Street Canal. The results of this study also demonstrate another major error on the side of the USACE: the penetration depth of the sheet piles. According to the centrifuge model tests carried out on the model of the Orleans Avenue Canal North and the London Avenue Canal, when the canal levels were increased from normal levels to Katrina flood level there was a small movement of the wall [Ubilia]. However, when the water level was held at Katrina levels for a long period of time, there was no further movement of the wall, and the levee remained stable. The level was then increased to one near the top of the floodwall, which caused movement of the wall and the formation of a crack. However, there were no failure of the levee was reported. So, we know that there was a failure of the 17th Street Canal, but n one with the Orleans Avenue Canal North. The difference in the structure of these two canals were that the sheet pile penetration depth of the Orleans Avenue Canal North was greater than that of the 17th Street Canal. This is a prime example of negligence on the part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Further research into this matter reveals that this is actually the result of a misinterpretation of the results of a study carried out by the Army Corps of Engineers into the penetration depth ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Power Of The Government In The United Kingdom?1043 Words   |  5 Pages The United Kingdom is located in Western Europe and includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is a group of islands bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. 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Agricultural output in 2011 | Rank | Country | Output in billions of US$ | Composition of GDP (%) | % of Global Agricultural Output | — |    World | 4,130.689 | 5.9% | 100.0% | 1 |   China | 670.893 | 9.6% | 16.2% | 2 |   India | 333.652 | 18.1% | 8.1% | — |   European Union | 323.284 | 1.8% | 7.8% | 3 |   United States | 180.778 | 1.2% | 4.4% | 4 |   Brazil | 146.040 | 5.8% | 3.5% | 5 |   Indonesia

Technology and Health Play Free Essays

As of today, technology plays a vital role in almost every aspect of human existence. In the same way, this research paper treats technology as a vital part of the full swing implementation of health information systems as the new way of addressing and managing health issues. Information systems by elementary definition is the integration of technology based components that is used for the collection, storage, processing and communication (transmission) of information (Britannica, 2010, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Health Play or any similar topic only for you Order Now n.pag.). This research paper integrates the same meaning in its discussions regarding the policy planning and implementation of information systems in the field of health. More particularly, this research paper strives to explain the Public Health Informatics Institute policy issues through its extensive discussions of information systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) stresses that the integration of information systems in health care profits many individuals. Even if the full swing use of information systems in health care is still far from being realized, most health institutions such as the WHO deem that the creation of health information systems will make the identification, addressing and implementation of health policies comparatively easier. Addressing endemic health problems can be more efficient, even before an outbreak is declared due to the simultaneous monitoring capabilities of health information systems (Eldis.org, 2010, p. n.pag.). Information systems allow performance data to be easily disseminated to communities and individuals allowing the creation of a more timely consciousness regarding health issues (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1). The data from the information systems can be treated as the evidence base of health policy making; the precision of data in information systems allows policymakers to determine the issues needed to be addressed (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1). Finally, information systems empower health institutions’ customers with the accountability of their health institutions by making their transactions recorded and managed (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1). The advantages projected with the blooming of health information systems can easily move health institutions to integrate their operations to information systems. However, such decisions cannot be easily made without a preliminary assessment of the current health industry’s policies and structures. The technological bias of health information systems creates a completely new dimension for the health care industry. Due to this, health institutions such as PHII oblige themselves to assess not only the practicability of such systems but also its feasibility to start with. PHII pushes for the issue of integrating information systems to the health industry by integrating it on existing health structures such as immunization registries. The integration of immunization registries to information systems insures that the registry will be efficiently managed without compromising the needed confidentiality of the population-based data of the registry (Saarlas, Edwards, Wild, Richmond, 2003, p. 47). The policies of many health institutions toward health information systems are founded in the premises set by population based data such as immunization registries. The massive information needed to address even the smallest health problems can be found in population based health information (Hinman Ross, 2010, p. n.pag.). In line with this, PHII pushes forth the integration of information systems in the health structure of immunization registries to insure that the structure can function at its optimum level. The new features of information systems are seen by PHII as the needed essentials to take the health care industry into a more efficient and accountable state. Conclusively, the integration of immunization registries is a start but not the end of the bloom of health information systems. Bibliography Britannica. (2010). Science and Technology: Information Systems. Retrieved August 4, 2010, from www.britannica.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system Eldis.org. (2010). Health management information systems. Retrieved August 4, 2010, from www.eldis.org: www.eldis.org/healthsystems/hmis/index.htm Hinman, A. R., Ross, D. A. (2010). Immunization Registries Can Be the Building Blocks for National Health Information Systems. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from www.phii.org: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/29/4/676?ijkey=GH9RmlBCqfpKAkeytype=refsiteid=healthaff Saarlas, K. N., Edwards, K., Wild, E., Richmond, P. (2003). Developing Performance Measures for Immunization Registries. Public Health Management Practice , 47-57. How to cite Technology and Health Play, Essay examples

Sweatshop Labor Wearing Thin Essay Example For Students

Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin Essay For most people in the United States, the term slave to fashion relates to anindividuals desire always to be wearing the latest fashions from trendy clothing lines. Ina twist of supreme irony, the designation applies much more literally to the legions ofpoverty-stricken sweatshop laborers worldwide who toil away under miserable conditionsto produce the snappy apparel that Americans purchase in droves on a daily basis. Conditioned by a media that places considerable emphasis on possessing a stylishwardrobe, the majority of U.S. consumers are far too awash in their own culture onethat is notorious for the value it places on material wealth to be sensitive to the plightof these indigent foreigners. And although the US medias fleeting scrutiny of sweatshopconditions five years ago did make the issue a greater part of the national consciousnessthan ever before, not enough people changed their buying habits as a result or at leastnot enough to make a dent in the all-important bottom line of guilty corporations. Indeed,major American retailers of clothing and other apparel products have not changed thisdespotic element of their business practices in the least despite the negative publicity; infact, they continue to exploit laborers in foreign, mostly Third-World countries to analarming degree. The scope of the problem is such that hundreds of residents in a town as small andisolated as Santa Cruz have at some point been employed in sweatshops in impoverishednations. Santa Cruz resident Lorenzo Hernandez endured years of mistreatment at aDoall Enterprises factory in El Salvador before immigrating with his wife and two sons toSanta Cruz in September, 2000. He now works full-time as a cook at Tony and AlbasPizza in Scotts Valley, and while he scarcely earns above minimum wage in his currentposition, it represents a substantial improvement to the abject conditions under which helabored for so many years in his home country. They treated us very badly (in ElSalvador), Hernandez said. I earned not enough to live on. My family could only buytwo shirts and pants (per person), and we were always hungry. I worked 14, 16 hours aday but still did not make enough. Hernandez speaks and moves with the languor of a man who has spent his entireadult life working 80-hour weeks at physically-taxing jobs for domineering bosses whoaccepted nothing short of continuous effort without complaint and gra nted onlyoccasional, monitored bathroom breaks. Years of constant use have rendered his handscallused, decrepit, and scattered with patches of scars and discoloration. His face ismarkedly cragged, his eyes convey a vacant though faintly sad quality, and his blackscalp is blotted by manifold gray strands of hair. He is only 34, but his rugged featuresand frail demeanor strikingly approximate those of a typical 60-year-old. I think my jobshave caused me to lose lots of time with my family in the future, he said of his prospectsto live a long, fulfilling life. We will write a custom essay on Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A National Labor Committee study conducted earlier this year revealed that theaverage Salvadoran family (4.3 people) requires an income of $287.21 per month. Hernandez earned just .60 cents an hour working for Doall only 51% of a basic basketof goods necessary to sustain life in relative poverty. His wife, herself a portrait offragility, worked odd jobs for meager wages to supplement the family income and ensureits survival. Hernandez story is a familiar one not only to those in his native country, but topeople in poor nations worldwide, some of whom face conditions even more desperatethan those endured by many Salvadorans. For instance, wages in Indonesia and Burmahave dropped to as low as what corresponds to nine cents per hour in the U.S. In Mexicogarment workers are paid a lowly average of .50-.54 cents per hour. In Thailand thatnumber is .65 per hour. In addition, many laborers are required to work in generally unhealthy anddangerous surroundings for outrageously-long hours. Ninety-six hour work weeks andfourteen-hour days are routine for employees in the garment industry, who, like theaforementioned Hernandez, often find themselves subject to the demands of tyrannicaland obdurate bosses charged with increasing levels of productivity at the expense of theirworkers welfare. They would yell at us every time they walked by, Hernandez said. Sometimes they would (physically) punish people with straps or sticks to make themwork harder. .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .postImageUrl , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:visited , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:active { border:0!important; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:active , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Disadvantages of Homeschooling vs Traditional Educations EssayGender equity and child labor issues in the garment industry have also emerged asan increasing concern of sweatshop-opposed human rights organizations. Of theestimated four million garment workers in China, most are women agedsixteen-to-twenty-three who have migrated from rural areas to live in small rooms in thefactory building in which they work, often with ten-or-so other laborers with whom theymust share only a few beds. Generally, these women are fired if they become pregnant orwhen they reach twenty-five and are worn down by years of working in such physicallystressful conditions. The labor forces in m any factories are comprised of children asyoung as six who are born into poor families and must lead their entire lives in the mostdismal circumstances. The poorest citizens of other countries with substantialworking-class populations like Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, andPakistan exist under similar desperate conditions. The companies responsible for these excessively-capitalistic business practices arehighly visible at any shopping mall throughout the United States. The countrys largestretailer Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., which employs around 825,000 worldwide has, morethan any other company, been the posterchild for third-world labor exploitation since thedeluge of sweatshop publicity struck around five years ago. However, if anything, thecompany relies on sweatshop for the bulk of its production more now than ever before. According to a Washington Post survey, 85% of Wal-Marts private-label clothing iscurrently produced overseas, a 10% increase over 1996 levels. Large corporationsostensibly find third-world nation workforces attractive because those countries do nothave minimum-wage laws or labor unions that might interfere with maximizing profits Managers in some companies are making efforts to ameliorate the situation. Some are responding voluntarily, while others are reacting as a result of pressu re broughtto bear by human rights organizations. The National Labor Committee has coordinateddemonstrations across the United States against sweatshops, targeting Wal-Mart inparticular, in what NLC attorney Al Meyerhoff described on the organizations Web siteas a Process that makes gains at a snails pace. In addition to promoting morediscriminating shopping habits among consumers, the National Labor Committee alsowants Wal-Mart and other stores to disclose the names of all factories and locationsaround the world. This intelligence would more effectively enable human rights activiststo select target areas for future campaigns. Thus far, Wal-Mart has refused to cooperatewith this request. The profits-first corporate approach that pervades Wal-Mart managementmanifests itself distinctly in the attitude of Gerald Saganovich, 34, manager of the SanJose branch of the company. Saganovich staunchly maintains that there is nothingfundamentally unscrupulous about the companys business practices in foreign markets. Were not doing anything that a number of other big businesses arent doing, and that istrying to sustain a healthy bottom line, especially in light of the bad shape the wholeeconomys in right now, he said. Thats the nature of big business. When asked how aware he felt customers are of Wal-Marts business methodsoverseas, he responded that they are Very aware I dont think most people care verymuch, to be completely honestwere not the bad guys here, and people know that. However, in a survey of 50 different shoppers at the San Jose Wal-Mart who were read astatement describing the dire conditions faced by Burmese Wal-Mart sweatshopemployees, only 5 (10%) described themsel ves as very aware of the problem. Twenty-one (42%) were somewhat aware, and 23 (46%) were not at all aware. Ofthe 23 who were previously unaware, only 5 said the information was likely to influencetheir future buying habits. I feel bad for those people (the Burmese), but I still need tobuy myself clothes, said Ashley Donoffrio, 26, of San Jose. Wal-Mart frequently defends against champions of the anti-sweatshop movementby asserting that numerous other dominant American companies that market andmanufacture shoes and attire internationally are equally culpable. And, of course,organizations like the NLC have cited some other very prominent manufacturingcompanies for sweatshop human rights violations, including Liz Claiborne, the Gap, AnnTaylor, K-Mart, Ralph Lauren, J.C. Penny, The Limited, Guess Jeans, Esprit, Nike andAdidas. While the bulk of attention surrounding the inhumane labor practices of thesecompanies center around Asian and South American markets, some of the worstcircumstances for garment workers exist much closer to home. Because of the abundantsupply of inexpensive labor, Mexican border towns are especially popular factory sites forU.S. corporate giants. The citizens of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a developing city near theTexas-Mexico border, are prototypical casualties of American industrys penchant forexpanding in to impoverished foreign towns. A series of factory buildings, most sportingthe names of popular U.S. brands like the aforementioned Guess, dot the townslandscape and provide subsistence-level employment for many of the citys population of1.3 million. Starting wages are $6 for a nine-hour day, a level that, despite inflation,barely exceeds that of thirty-five years ago. Cuidad Juarez native Ivan Bibriesca, who immigrated to Santa Cruz four yearsago and now works for Alvaros Steakhouse in Capitola, recalls working in the Guessplant as an excruciating experience. It was really bad there I dont think most peoplesurvived, he said. We were so close to the border, but I think most people didnt makeit. Some people tried to get (together) a union, but they got fired. .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .postImageUrl , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:visited , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:active { border:0!important; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:active , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christian evidences EssayIndeed, employers at border towns have consistently worked together toundermine any union movements that have materialized over the years. Invariably, thefactory managers are Americans who commute from nearby El Paso, unlike the laborers,who, for the most part, live in shanty towns without paved roads and sewers and cannoteven afford bus fare to and from work. Because these miserable conditions are prevalentthroughout Ciudad Juarez, they have earned it the nickname The Cardboard City. In any event, the problems of Ciudad Juarez lie deeper than poverty, according toBibriesca. Due to the availability of steady work in the area, there is a massive andnear-constant influx of Mexicans from the south and of deported immigrants from theUnited States, whose presence places a severe strain on the citys resources and hascaused a significant increase in its crime rate. As a consequence both of its burgeoningpopulation and its border location, Ciudad Juarez is not only a popular target for newfactories, but for drug smugglers as well. I would say most of the people there wereinvolved with drugs buying them or selling them, Bibriesca said. People neededmoney, so they sold them, and people needed to get away from how bad their life was, sothey used them. Naturally, the high level of drug activity has also resulted in an inordinate numberof drug-related crimes and murders. Because of the heavy traffic in drugs, substantialamounts of the illegal substances are left behind in the city to be consumed by the locals,many of whom seek to mask the pain of what Bibriesca describes as their impossiblelives. Directly correlated to the illegal immigration and drug smuggling is adisproportionately-high rate of rape and rape-related murders, mostly of female factoryworkers who have moved to the city from rural areas. Those who do not turn to drugs tomask the harsh reality of their existences often find consolation or escape in religion. Fittingly, while more affluent people in the United States disregard the reality ofsweatshop labor because they are preoccupied with trying to sport cutting-edge fashions,the people of Ciudad Juarez seek to disguise their realities because they are so painful. Faced with such unsettling tales of human suffering, Saganovich remains resolute:Wal-Mart is simply looking out for its best interests, and this alleged mistreatment offoreign laborers isnt anywhere near as bad as a lot of people make it out to be. Thepeople who are speaking out so strongly against us are little more than a type ofpropagandists with their own agendas. Nobody forces anyone to work anywhere, and alot of them are coming to America and making better lives for themselves. Hernandez is one of a relatively small number of lucky immigrants who haverealized a greater level of wealth and comfort in the States, but he will never forget theanguish his previous jobs brought him and his compatriots. Its great, I can affordclothes and food here now, he said. But I try to buy from stores (that) dont havesweatshops.

FundsforWriters to the Rescue

FundsforWriters to the Rescue I have been writing in my spare time for more than 40 years. My file cabinets are crammed full of research notes, ideas for future articles, and manuscripts in various stages of completion. Fortunately, I have sold many magazine and newspaper articles, as well as two dozen children’s books, but I still have quite a collection of rejected picture book and early reader manuscripts. I also have the letters stating why they were rejected in the first place. When I wrote about Cathy Williams, the only female buffalo soldier in U.S. history, multiple editors told me she was â€Å"too obscure† to be the subject of a nonfiction picture book. I protested, pointing out that teachers and librarians are always looking for new stories for Black History Month, Women’s History Month and even Veterans Day. But no, they still weren’t interested. Cathy, they insisted, was just not marketable. Editors also rejected my fictional children’s story, â€Å"Oh-So-Clever,† a tale inspired When I wrote a nonfiction reader for youngsters in first through third grades about Admiral Peary returning from Greenland with the largest meteorite â€Å"in captivity,† editors deemed the subject too obscure as well - even though that particular 34-ton space rock remains on display in the Hall of Meteorites at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Thousands of school children take field trips there each year. From a marketing aspect, it would seem like a perfect book to sell in the museum gift shop there and at other museums with meteorites on display. Undaunted, I retrieved these rejected manuscripts from the file cabinet and looked at them again. I decided to think outside the picture book box and transform my manuscripts into articles instead. Reasoning that if children’s book editors considered my proposed topics too obscure, then children’s magazine editors might be equally shortsighted. Instead, I decided to use my extensive research notes to transform the original manuscripts into articles suitable for adult publications, which pay more generously than children’s magazines anyway. The market listings posted on the FundsforWriters website proved to be quite inspirational.   To my delight, the editor at Rural Missouri, (http://ruralmissouri.coop/submissions.php) the state where Cathy Williams was born and raised, promptly bought my article, â€Å"The Buffalo Soldier’s Secret.† It appears in the November 2014 issue. The Elks Magazine (https://www.elks.org/elksmag/WritersGuidelines.pdf) bought first North American serial rights to the Robert Peary meteorite article, as well as the one about the amazing globetrotting photographers, Osa and Martin Johnson - another topic I had hoped to pursue for a children’s book. This article appears in the May 2015 issue. â€Å"Oh-So-Clever† sold to the Center for Education Testing and Evaluation at the University of Kansas - a market mentioned in one of the weekly Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators electronic newsletters (https://cete.submittable.com/submit) that I receive each week. The center administers a variety of standardized tests and continues to accept submissions for poetry, informational and narrative texts suitable for students in grades 3-12. I have been successful in recycling this first batch of manuscripts and will retrieve another handful from the file drawer with the intention of giving them a makeover as well. I simply need to shift mental gears and think imaginatively outside the box - and review the market listing at FundsforWriters again.

Biography of Mao Zedong, Father of Modern China

Biography of Mao Zedong, Father of Modern China Mao Zedong (Dec. 26, 1893–Sept. 9, 1976), the father of modern China, is not only remembered for his impact on Chinese society and culture but for his global influence, including on political revolutionaries in the United States and the Western world in the 1960s and 1970s.  He is widely considered one of the most prominent communist theoreticians. He was also known as a great poet. Fast Facts: Mao Zedong Known For: Founding father  of the  Peoples Republic of China, ruling the country as Chairman of the Communist Party of China  from 1949 until 1976Also Known As: Mao Tse Tung, Mao Zedong, Chairman MaoBorn: Dec. 26, 1893 in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, ChinaParents: Mao Yichang, Wen QimeiDied: Sept. 9, 1976  in Beijing,  Peoples Republic of ChinaPublished Works: The Warlords Clash (poem, 1929), The Tasks of the Communist Party in the Period of Resistance to Japan (1937), Maos Little Red Book (1964–1976)Spouse(s): Luo Yixiu, Yang Kaihui, He Zizhen, Jiang QingChildren: Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, Mao Anlong, Yang Yuehua, Li Min, Li NaNotable Quote: Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. Early Life On Dec. 26, 1893, a son was born to the Mao family, wealthy farmers in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China. They named the boy Mao Zedong. The child studied Confucian classics at the village school for five years  but left at the age of 13 to help out full-time on the farm. Rebellious and probably spoiled, young Mao had been expelled from several schools and even ran away from home for several days. In 1907, Maos father arranged a marriage for his 14-year-old son. Mao refused to acknowledge his 20-year-old bride, even after she moved into the family home. Education and Introduction to Marxism Mao moved to Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, to continue his education. He spent six months in 1911 and 1912 as a soldier in the barracks at Changsha, during the revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Mao called for Sun Yatsen to be president and cut off his long braid of hair (queue), a sign of anti-Manchu revolt. Between 1913 and 1918, Mao studied at the Teachers Training School, where he began to embrace ever more revolutionary ideas. He was fascinated by the 1917 Russian Revolution, and by the 4th century BCE Chinese philosophy called Legalism. After graduation, Mao followed his professor Yang Changji to Beijing, where he took a job at the Beijing University library. His supervisor, Li Dazhao, was a co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party and greatly influenced Maos developing revolutionary ideas. Gathering Power In 1920 Mao married Yang Kaihui, the daughter of his professor, despite his earlier marriage. He read a translation of The Communist Manifesto that year  and became a committed Marxist. Six years later, the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang, under Chiang Kai-shek massacred at least 5,000 communists in Shanghai. This was the start of Chinas Civil War. That fall, Mao led the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Changsha against the Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT crushed Maos peasant army, killing 90% of them and forcing the survivors out into the countryside, where they rallied more peasants to their cause. In June  1928, the KMT took Beijing and was recognized as the official government of China by foreign powers. Mao and the Communists continued to set up peasant Soviets in the southern Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces, however. He was laying the foundations of Maoism. The Chinese Civil War A local warlord in Changsha captured Maos wife, Yang Kaihui, and one of their sons in October 1930. She refused to denounce communism, so the warlord had her beheaded in front of her 8-year-old son. Mao had married a third wife, He Zizhen, in May of that year. In 1931, Mao was elected chairman of the Soviet Republic of China, in Jiangxi Province. Mao ordered a reign of terror against landlords; perhaps more than 200,000 were tortured and killed. His Red Army, made up mostly of poorly armed but fanatical peasants, numbered 45,000. Under increasing KMT pressure, Mao was demoted from his leadership role. Chiang Kai-sheks troops surrounded the Red Army in the mountains of Jiangxi, forcing them to make a desperate escape in 1934. The Long March and Japanese Occupation About 85,000 Red Army troops and followers retreated from Jiangxi  and started walking the 6,000-kilometer arc to the northern province of Shaanxi. Beset by freezing weather, dangerous mountain paths, unbridged rivers, and attacks by warlords and the KMT, only 7,000 of the communists made it to Shaanxi in 1936. This Long March cemented Mao Zedongs position as leader of the Chinese communists. He was able to rally the troops despite their dire situation. In 1937, Japan invaded China. The Chinese Communists and the KMT halted their civil war to meet this new threat, which lasted through Japans 1945 defeat in World War II. Japan captured Beijing and the Chinese coast, but never occupied the interior. Both of Chinas armies fought on; the communists guerrilla tactics were particularly effective. Meanwhile, in 1938, Mao divorced He Zizhen and married the actress Jiang Qing, later known as Madame Mao. Civil War Resumes and the Founding of the PRC Even as he led the fight against the Japanese, Mao was planning to seize power from his erstwhile allies, the KMT. Mao codified his ideas in a number of pamphlets, including On Guerrilla Warfare and On Protracted War. In 1944, the United States sent the Dixie Mission to meet Mao and the communists; the Americans found the communists better organized and less corrupt than the KMT, which had been receiving western support. After World War II ended, the Chinese armies started to fight again in earnest. The turning point was the 1948 Siege of Changchun, in which the Red Army, now called the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), defeated the Kuomintangs army in Changchun, Jilin Province. By October 1, 1949, Mao felt confident enough to declare the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China. On December 10, the PLA besieged the final KMT stronghold at Chengdu, Sichuan. On that day, Chiang Kai-shek and other KMT officials fled the mainland for Taiwan. Five Year Plan and the Great Leap Forward From his new home next to the Forbidden City, Mao directed radical reforms in China. Landlords were executed, perhaps as many as 2-5 million across the country, and their land was redistributed to poor peasants. Maos Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries claimed at least 800,000 additional lives, mostly former KMT members, intellectuals, and businessmen. In the Three-Anti/Five-Anti Campaigns of 1951-52, Mao directed the targeting of wealthy people and suspected capitalists, who were subjected to public struggle sessions. Many who survived the initial beatings and humiliation later committed suicide. Between 1953 and 1958, Mao launched the First Five-Year Plan, intending to make China an industrial power. Buoyed by his initial success, Chairman Mao launched the Second Five-Year Plan, called the Great Leap Forward, in January 1958. He urged farmers to smelt iron in their yards, rather than tending the crops. The results were disastrous; an estimated 30-40 million Chinese starved in the Great Famine of 1958-60. Foreign Policies Shortly after Mao took power in China, he sent the Peoples Volunteer Army into the Korean War to fight alongside the North Koreans against the South Koreans and United Nations forces. The PVA saved Kim Il-Sungs army from being overrun, resulting in a stalemate that continues to this day. In 1951, Mao also sent the PLA into Tibet to liberate it from the Dalai Lamas rule. By 1959, Chinas relationship with the Soviet Union had deteriorated markedly. The two communist powers disagreed on the wisdom of the Great Leap Forward, Chinas nuclear ambitions, and the brewing Sino-Indian War (1962). By 1962, China and the USSR had cut off relations with one another in the Sino-Soviet Split. Fall From Grace In January 1962, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) held a Conference of the Seven Thousand in Beijing. Conference chair Liu Shaoqi harshly criticized the Great Leap Forward, and by implication, Mao Zedong. Mao was pushed aside within the internal power structure of the CCP; moderate pragmatists Liu and Deng Xiaoping freed the peasants from communes and imported wheat from Australia and Canada to feed the famine survivors. For several years, Mao served only as a figurehead in the Chinese government. He spent that time plotting a return to power and revenge on Liu and Deng. Mao would use the specter of capitalist tendencies among the powerful, as well as the might and credulity of young people, to take power once again. The Cultural Revolution In August 1966, the 73-year-old Mao made a speech at the Plenum of the Communist Central Committee. He called for the youth of the country to take back the revolution from the rightists. These young Red Guards would do the dirty work in Maos Cultural Revolution, destroying the Four Olds- old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas. Even a tea-room owner like President Hu Jintaos father could be targeted as a capitalist. While the nations students were busily destroying ancient artwork and texts, burning temples and beating intellectuals to death, Mao managed to purge both Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping from the partys leadership. Liu died under horrific circumstances in prison; Deng was exiled to work in a rural tractor factory, and his son was thrown from a fourth-story window and paralyzed by Red Guards. In 1969, Mao declared the Cultural Revolution complete, although it continued through his death in 1976. Later phases were directed by Jiang Qing (Madame Mao) and her cronies, known as the Gang of Four. Failing Health and Death Throughout the 1970s, Maos health steadily deteriorated. He may have been suffering from Parkinsons disease or ALS (Lou Gehrigs disease), in addition to heart and lung trouble brought on by a lifetime of smoking. By July 1976 when the country was in crisis due to the Great Tangshan Earthquake, the 82-year-old Mao was confined to a hospital bed in Beijing. He suffered two major heart attacks early in September, and died September 9, 1976, after being removed from life support. Legacy After Maos death, the moderate pragmatist branch of the Chinese Communist Party took power and ousted the leftist revolutionaries. Deng Xiaoping, now thoroughly rehabilitated, led the country toward an economic policy of capitalist-style growth and export wealth. Madame Mao and the other Gang of Four members were arrested and tried, essentially for all of the crimes associated with the Cultural Revolution. Maos legacy today is a complicated one. He is known as the Founding Father of Modern China, and serves to inspire 21st-century rebellions like the Nepali and Indian Maoist movements. On the other hand, his leadership caused more deaths among his own people than that of Joseph Stalin or Adolph Hitler. Within the Chinese Communist Party under Deng, Mao was declared to be 70% correct in his policies. However, Deng also said that the Great Famine was 30% natural disaster, 70% human error. Nonetheless, Mao Thought continues to guide policies to this day. Sources Clements, Jonathan. Mao Zedong: Life and Times, London: Haus Publishing, 2006.Short, Philip. Mao: A Life, New York: Macmillan, 2001.Terrill, Ross. Mao: A Biography, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Port Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Port Report - Essay Example This resulted in the reduction of retail gas price from USD 3.31 to USD 2.27 during the year 2014. While this has the positive effect on the consumer purchase pattern, the impact of such fall on the investment pattern, particularly the GCC stocks needs detailed investigation. As it is just the first quarter of 2015, the analysis of current oil prices fall cannot be done correctly since its effect on stock investment needs longer period of observation. Hence, this paper has taken an in-depth look at the relationship between oil pricing and stock investment, as well as general economic conditions, within GCC and across the world, during the recent past. Accordingly, 2008 financial crisis, coupled with cyclic fall in oil prices finds greater attention in the following paragraphs. As supply and demand equation determines the price of any commodity, political forces prevailing in the oil producing countries determine the supply position for oil, largely. Technological innovation also plays a major role here. Many political decisions by countries across the globe influence the oil pricing. For example, the cause of recent Russian currency debacle has relation to the falling oil prices. Although under normal conditions, falling prices would result in reducing the production, OPEC countries are not doing it, as they want to retain their control over oil production. This is also seen as an attempt to make oil production unsustainable by American producers, who are utilizing advanced technology to increase shale oil production in a major way.(Stefanova, 2014) Consumers in Western countries take falling oil prices as an instrument to result in lesser tax burden. This way the falling oil prices prove to be positive for the global economy, as these countries can look for heavy reduction in lower inflation rates. While many advanced economies may go for deflation measures, the falling oil crisis has hit the currencies of Norway and Canada in a major way.(Buttonwood,

It is about culture(Anthropology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It is about culture(Anthropology) - Essay Example The end of First World War did not get any relief to the peasants. First the Socialists took over, and then the Fascists took over from the socialists. But it seemed that the condition of the peasants remained the same. They were first oppressed by the landlords, then by the Socialists, then by the Fascists and the Landlords. The food was always in short supply, meat was a rarity. Ironically during times of war the peasants in the villages fared a lot better than those living in the cities, as they could live of the wild. And many people in the cities use to go to the rural area to get some food of there. The Barter system was also very prevalent. People worked for food and traded various items to sustain themselves. The degradation of Women is also covered very thoroughly in this chapter. They were encouraged not to work. They were also not encouraged to educate themselves. They were generally encouraged to stay at home. The Fascists further painted women who did not marry or bear c hildren or selfish or unattractive. While Women were expected to be virgin till marriage, men were expected to show of their virility before that. This created a situation where prostitution thrived. This had a psychological impact on women in Italy long after the war was over. There is a brief coverage of the family structure as well. While the male was the titular head of the household, his wife generally ran the family. Sharing of food with less fortunate neighbors even though the quantity was low was common. The fascists and the socialists are also given their due coverage and it is not a flattering picture. While the socialist’s looted shops and farms, apparently to redistribute the wealth, but in reality it was to benefit a few. While the fascists did not make an attempt to cover up their intentions and joined hands with landlords and other wealthy people to wreak havoc on the peasants.

Knighthood and Courtly Love in the Time of King Arthur Essay -- essays

Chivalry was considered to be the code of behavior expected of a knight. It was the conduct, ideas, and ideals of the knightly class of the Middle Ages. It became standardized and referred to as chivalry, a term derived from the French word chevalier, meaning knight. The code urged the knight to be brave, courageous, honorable, true to his word, and loyal to his feudal overlord, and to defend his Church. A knight was truthful, honest, capable, educated, physically fit, noble, sincere, and subservient to the king. A serious violation of these vows could result in a knight being classed as an undignified knight, which was the ultimate insult because of all the hard work that was put into becoming a knight. It made it seem as if all of work was done for nothing. The knights of the middle ages were known for their dedication and devotion in carrying out their duties. Once a knight was given a task of some sort, they were known for unwillingness to quit until the job was done. Most knights were willing to devote their entire lives to the job at hand. Most all knights had a quest in life, and they showed an obsession to accomplish their quest. The quest may be self thought of, or obtained from someone else, but either way the knight took honor and pride in being able to accomplish the quest. In â€Å"Arthurian Romances,† by Chrà ©tien de Troyes, all knights had a duty to protect their country. When a knight approached a situation, he did not attack the other party until he had warned them. His place in the feudalist system involved other workers, known as vassals, to do his bidding. They suited him up in his armor and readied his horse and weapons. Knighthood was only developed for the man because women are only seen as maidservants. Authority felt that a woman could not possess all the qualities of a knight, so they were put to work as maids. The only women who had high ranks in the feudalist system were those who were married to the noble ranks In â€Å"The Story of the Grail,† de Troyes looks at knighthood from the naive perspective of a young boy, Perceval, who had a dream of becoming a knight. In his own way, he became one. He learned the techniques and attitudes of a knight that greatly influenced his performance. Perceval wanted to obtain all the qualities of a good knight, also ... ...ry because of how he allowed a love for this unfeasible woman to blind him. The queen was so nasty to Lancelot, yet he took it and dealt with it assuming that his love for her was reciprocal. Chrà ©tien de Troyes and Marie de France both had unique ways of showing what knighthood and courtly love were about. De Troyes was a little harder on courtly love than de France had been, but both had specific ideals that they wanted to be brought to the pages in order to teach others about chivalry. All in all, the love that was portrayed between Guigemar and the queen was one that seemed to be full of hope and joy. The love de Troyes portrayed between Lancelot and Guinevere was a love that seemed to not even exist except in Lancelot’s mind. Courtly love was an important aspect in the time of knighthood and chivalry. Courtly love made all the battles and heartaches seem worth it in the end, as long as it worked out for the two lovers it included. Works Cited de Troyes, Chretien. "The Story of the Grail." Arthurian Romances. Ed. William W. Kibler. London: Penguin Books, 1991. 381-494. de France, Marie. â€Å"Guigemar.† The Lais of Marie de France. 30-59.

Essay on ‘The Crucible’ Essay

The Crucible was written by the great play writing legend Sir Arthur Miller. He created many ingenious plays. In particular I would like to focus on the play (The Crucible) is based on a true story. The Crucible is set in America in the state of Massachusetts within the small village of Salem in the late seventeenth century. In this period of time, witch hunting was at it’s peak. In addition, religion was regarded as the law it was powerful over everyone and no one could question its authority. No one would dare speak against it or the consequences could be lethal. For many hundreds of years throughout Europe there was a belief in witchcraft. At times the principle turned into historical fear, leading into campaigns or persecution against suspected witches. It was thought that witches were agents of the devil. In 1692 there was an outbreak of accusations of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts (USA). The colonists there were Puritans who followed a particular form of Protestant Christianity and would tolerate no other. They felt surrounded by ungodly people and they associated the forest with savages and with evil. Salem was a puritan community their lives were ruled by religion. The role pf religion is very powerful and id used to control the community within the courts of Salem, religion is referred to throughout the play. ‘The Crucible’ criticises the effects of the Cold War America experienced in the 1950’s. McCarthy felt his power threatened by his people’s interest in communism. It was feared that Russia take over the world. This links to ‘The Crucible’ because the people in the play are craving for freedom, they don’t want to be tied to religion and the Bible. ‘The Crucible’ begins with the village girls cleaning and making something in a pot, which is against the laws of Salem. This action leads to a whole plot of jealousy, betrayal and ends up in hangings. Miller tries to display the act of the girls dancing in the forest as a form of plea, a cry for help. Throughout the play there are many characters with a variety of strong agendas that display their notions by insinuating them in ways, which cause arguments and ‘stir the pot’. After both reading and watching ‘The Crucible’ I noticed that there were four main categories in which the characters fell into. The powerful, the righteous, the weak and the jealous. Most of the characters or the main characters rather entered the powerful and jealous categories. Judge Danforth for example, a powerful man with extreme authority, he turns a ‘blind eye’ to the truth to keep his position and stay in power. He is bought and biased, looks more for his own benefit rather than helping others which should be the case. He abuses his position magnificently to stay in power. Reverend Paris, also has a considerable amount of power in the village of Salem. His main concern seems to be keeping his reputation and he’s bent on doing anything and everything to keep his authority and be feared. He has controlling power yet refuses to shift position for the right cause. John Proctor is an honest man who isn’t easily led. He is a hardworking farmer in his mid-thirties with logical thought. He is married, even tempered but is powerful of mind and body. Proctor is feared and respected in Salem, however he is no saint he has committed adultery with Abigail Williams who worked for Proctor as a servant but was subsequently fired when Proctor realized his mistake. He’s a good-hearted man who wants to make his wrongs right. An honourable man, who stands up for what is right and uses his wisdom against that which is wrong. Abigail, a very cunning young woman, she has committed adultery with John Proctor and uses this to her advantage by blackmailing and threatening him. She blames lies on other to save herself, she plays innocent and acts nai ve when in reality she is the cause of the disputes. She is evil and spiteful, cares for nobody but herself – she is simply selfish. Mary Warren, one of the weak and afraid characters, who can be moulded through threatening, as she is easily intimidated. She sides with Proctor when he threatens her and then sides with Abigail when she blackmails her. She is very controlled as though she doesn’t have a mind of her own nor any opinions. Because her worth is less than a slave she grew up with no honour, respect, honesty or independence, this is why she is unable to see the wrong as well as Proctor and in the end sides with the wrong people out of pure fear. Unfortunately, Mary Warren is a timid and gullible character who plays an unwitting role in the outcome of the trial. The audience will see the tension build up when they see such a combination of characters who all have very different agendas and are extremely volatile arguing in this type of situation. In this essay, I will focus mainly on act 3. It begins in the courtroom the witch trial has commenced. There are of course two parties, those accused of being witches (John Proctor, his wife etc) and the accusers (Rev. Parris etc). Proctor has a tough job defending himself because he has to prove that the court is wrong, Danforth questions Proctor and finds out what kind of a man he is before he hears the case. Giles Corey testifies for his wife (she was accused of being a witch). Giles feels guilty since it was he who told the court that his wife, Martha, had been reading some books. The court believes that she was reading them books to learn how to curse people. Francis Nurse testifies and defends his wife, Judge Hathorne supposes they are the bad ones and is angered by their blatant denial so consequently orders Corey and Nurse to be arrested. Proctor forces Mary Warren to testify for the defence and she complies by saying she lied in the court before. John says the girls are lying about the witchcraft. This makes the judges very nervous because if Proctor is correct then they have killed many innocent people. Proctor presents his case, he has three depositions to offer for evidence, the first being a signed petition proving the innocence of the three men’s wives. The second statement comes from Giles Corey, he tells the judges that Thomas Putnam is a ravenous and greedy man who is obsessed with attaining land through any means. However, Putnam denies this and Corey refuses to tell the court who gave him this information on Putnam in fear of being arrested. Unfortunately, he is still arrested for contempt of court. From here we are taken back to Rev. Hale who has realised his mistake and has changed sides, now supporting Proctor. Mary is the third final element of John’s defence. John tells her what to say and that he is supporting her. But Mary Warren is afraid no one will believe her (that the witchery was all untrue and the girls had been lying all along) because she lied earlier. Danforth brings in the accusers led by Abigail. Williams says that Mary is lying, the judges begin to wonder how Mary could be ‘pretending’ to be a witch earlier. She is asked to demonstrate this ‘pretending’ for the court. She can’t. Abigail and Danforth argue when Williams is questioned and then pretends to be seeing Mary as a bird in the air from the devil. The rest of the girls on Abigail’s side mimic her for their act to look believable. Proctor having no options left reveals his affair with Abigail. The men are horrified, John and Abigail are instructed to turn their backs while Elizabeth Proctor is bought in. She is asked if her husband has committed lechery. Not knowing he has confessed and thinking of his protection, her loyalty to John gets the better of her and she denies it. As she is led out John tells her he has confessed and they both realize that have lost completely. Abigail and the girls continue to act as though afflicted Mary Warren until she finally cracks. She accuses Proctor for having used her for the devil’s work and runs into the now welcoming arms of Abigail. Proctor and Giles Corey are led to the prison.

Case 1 Fordlandia - 2871 Words

FORDLANDIA CASE Titre du document - page 1 OVERVIEW OF FIRST 2 CASE STUDY SESSIONS †¢ Fordlandia – CSR in an international context – Integration-Responsiveness framework – Integrated Social Contract theory †¢ Sialkot – Child labour as a CSR challenge – Stakeholder theory – CSR in the context of global governance †¢ Learning objectives – To reflect on the context-specific nature of sustainability – To discuss CSR in the context of international development – To appreciate international CSR as a complex management challenge Titre du document - page 2 FORDLANDIA CASE – SESSION STRUCTURE – Group work (1) – Group presentations (1) – Short(ish) lecture – Group work (2) – Group presentations (2) – Wrap-up Titre du document - page 3 4 1.†¦show more content†¦Business Machines Pakistan Chile Siemens Carrefour Philippines Algeria Hitachi Assicurazioni Generali Matsushita Electric Industrial McKesson Honda Motor 97,384 96,293 96,115 94,105 91,493 90,382 86,429 84,649 83,994 83,268 81,078 80,515 80,487 Hewlett-Packard Nissan Motor Fortis Egypt, Arab Rep. Sinopec Berkshire Hathaway ENI Romania Home Depot Aviva HSBC Holdings Nigeria Deutsche Telekom Verizon Communications Samsung Electronics State Grid United Arab Emirates Peugeot Metro Nestlà © U.S. Postal Service BNP Paribas Peru China National Petroleum Sony Ukraine 79,905 79,800 75,518 75,148 75,077 74,382 74,228 73,167 73,094 73,025 72,550 72,106 71,989 71,563 71,556 71,290 70,960 70,642 70,159 69,826 68,996 68,654 68,395 67,724 66,618 65,149 Rank 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 Country/Corporation Cardinal Health Royal Ahold Altria Group Pemex GDP/Revenue $ millions 65,131 64,676 64,440 63,691 Bank of America Corp. Vodafone Tesco 63,324 62,971 62,459 Munich Re Group Nippon Life Insurance Fiat Royal Bank of Scotland 60,706 60,521 59,973 59,750 Zurich Financial Services Crà ©dit Agricole Credit Suisse State Farm Insurance Cos France Tà ©là ©com Électricità © De France J.P. Morgan Chase Co. UBS Bangladesh Kroger Deutsche Bank E.ON Deutsche Post 59,678 59,054 58,825 58,819 58,652 58,367Show MoreRelatedWe Must Understand The Past And Comprehend What Shapes The Decisions That Have Been Made1233 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy. We can look at the case of Chernobyl incident for instance, the government tried to cover up the disaster that occurred in 1986 and caused the death of more than thousands of workers who worked at the site6. They tried to cover this up because they did not want the rest of the world to know, since it could lead to the awareness that nuclear power was unsafe and people would try to bring an end to it. The case of Fordlandia is another indication of greed, but in this case, it is the greed of aRead MoreFord V8 Based On Its Design And Papanek s Theory Of Design1966 Words   |  8 Pagesthere will only be one digital camera on the market whereas in reality there are hundreds, all with the same function. â€Å"There are too many different versions of the same item available in many cases.† (Papanek, 1995, p.30) Read MoreCitation and Reference List9582 Words   |  39 Pagesof Sydney Business School Referencing Guide This referencing guide has been prepared by The Business Programs Unit for use in Units of Study within The University of Sydney Business School. It is based on the Harvard referencing style. Contents 1. How to use this guide...........................................................................................................................2 2. Some useful terms ................................................................................Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestwentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010